Introduction to Qiskit Runtime sessions

What is a session?

A session is a Qiskit Runtime feature that lets you efficiently run multi-job iterative workloads on quantum computers. Using sessions helps avoid delays caused by queuing each job separately, which can be particularly useful for iterative tasks that require frequent communication between classical and quantum resources.

Advantages of using sessions

There are several benefits to using sessions:

• Efficiency: Multiple jobs from a single algorithm run can be run sequentially without interruptions.
• Flexibility: You can submit jobs, check results, and submit new jobs within an active session without needing to start a new one.

How sessions work

The basic workflow for sessions is as follows:

1. The first job in a session enters the normal queue.
2. When the first job starts running, the maximum timeout clock starts.
3. Subsequent jobs within the session are prioritized over other jobs, reducing wait times.
4. The interactive timeout runs between the jobs in a session. Every session has an interactive timeout value (ITTL, or interactive time to live). If there are no session jobs queued within the ITTL window, the session is temporarily deactivated and normal job selection resumes. A job can reactivate the deactivated session if the session has not reached its maximum timeout value.
   Note

   The job must go through the normal queue to reactivate the session.

5. If the maximum timeout value is reached, the session ends and any remaining queued jobs fail. However, any jobs already running will run to completion.

The following video illustrates the session basic workflow:

To find the session timeout values, follow the instructions in Determine session details. To set the session maximum timeout value, follow the instructions in Session length.

The default timeout settings are listed in the Maximum execution time guide.

For instructions to start a session, see Run a job in a session.

End a session

A session ends in the following circumstances:

• The maximum timeout is reached, resulting in the cancelation of all queued jobs.
• The session is manually canceled, resulting in the cancelation of all queued jobs.
• The session is manually closed. The session stops accepting new jobs but continues to run queued jobs with priority.
• If you use Session as a context manager, that is, with Session(), the session is automatically closed when the context ends (the same behavior as using session.close()).

Usage patterns

Sessions are especially useful for algorithms that require classical post-processing, where jobs submitted within the interactive time-out are processed immediately. If you want to submit jobs in a batch instead, see Run jobs in a batch.

Example: Run an iterative workload that uses the classical SciPy optimizer to minimize a cost function. In this model, SciPy uses the output of the cost function to calculate its next input.

def cost_func(params, ansatz, hamiltonian, estimator):
    # Return estimate of energy from estimator
 
    energy = estimator.run(ansatz, hamiltonian, parameter_values=params).result().values[0]
    return energy
 
x0 = 2 * np.pi * np.random.random(num_params)
 
session = Session(backend=backend)
 
# If using qiskit-ibm-runtime earlier than 0.24.0, change `mode=` to `session=`
estimator = Estimator(mode=session, options={"shots": int(1e4)})
res = minimize(cost_func, x0, args=(ansatz, hamiltonian, estimator), method="cobyla")
 
# Close the session because we didn't use a context manager.
session.close()

Next steps