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Singularity Machine Learning - Classification: A Qiskit Function by Multiverse Computing


Overview

With the "Singularity Machine Learning - Classification" function, you can solve real-world machine learning problems on quantum hardware without requiring quantum expertise. This Application function, based on ensemble methods, is a hybrid classifier. It leverages classical methods like boosting, bagging, and stacking for initial ensemble training. Subsequently, quantum algorithms such as variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are employed to enhance the trained ensemble's diversity, generalization capabilities, and overall complexity.

Unlike other quantum machine learning solutions, this function is capable of handling large-scale datasets with millions of examples and features without being limited by the number of qubits in the target QPU. The number of qubits only determines the size of the ensemble that can be trained. It is also highly flexible, and can be used to solve classification problems across a wide range of domains, including finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity.

It consistently achieves high accuracies on classically challenging problems involving high-dimensional, noisy, and imbalanced datasets.

How it works

It is built for:

  1. Engineers and data scientists at companies seeking to enhance their tech offerings by integrating quantum machine learning into their products and services,
  2. Researchers at quantum research labs exploring quantum machine learning applications and looking to leverage quantum computing for classification tasks, and
  3. Students and teachers at educational institutions in courses like machine learning, and who are looking to demonstrate the advantages of quantum computing.

The following example showcases its various functionalities, including create, list, fit, and predict, and demonstrates its usage in a synthetic problem comprising two interleaving half circles, a notoriously challenging problem due to its nonlinear decision boundary.


Function description

This Qiskit Function allows users to solve binary classification problems using Singularity's quantum-enhanced ensemble classifier. Behind the scenes, it uses a hybrid approach to classically train an ensemble of classifiers on the labeled dataset, and then optimize it for maximum diversity and generalization using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) on IBM® QPUs. Through a user-friendly interface, users can configure a classifier according to their requirements, train it on the dataset of their choice, and use it to make predictions on a previously unseen dataset.

To solve a generic classification problem:

  1. Preprocess the dataset, and split it into training and testing sets. Optionally, you can further split the training set into training and validation sets. This can be achieved using scikit-learn.
  2. If the training set is imbalanced, you can resample it to balance the classes using imbalanced-learn.
  3. Upload the training, validation, and test sets separately to the function's storage using the client's file_upload method, passing it the relevant path each time.
  4. Initialize the quantum classifier by using the function's create action, which accepts hyperparameters such as the number and types of learners, the regularization (lambda value), and optimization options including the number of layers, the type of classical optimizer, the quantum backend, and so on.
  5. Train the quantum classifier on the training set using the function's fit action, passing it the labeled training set, and the validation set if applicable.
  6. Make predictions on the previously unseen test set using the function's predict action.

Action-based approach

The function uses an action-based approach. You can think of it as a virtual environment where you use actions to perform tasks or change its state. Currently, it offers the following actions: list, create, delete, fit, predict, fit_predict, and create_fit_predict. The general structure is as follows:

job = singularity.run(
    action="action_name",
    options={},  # use this parameter to provide action options
    **action_params,
)
# job status and result
status = job.status()
result = job.result()
 
print("Job status: ", status)
print("Status: ", result["status"])
print("Message: ", result["message"])
print("Data: ", result["data"])

1. List

The list action retrieves all stored classifiers in *.pkl.tar format from the shared data directory. You can also access the contents of this directory by using the client.files() method. In general, the list action searches for files with the *.pkl.tar extension in the shared data directory and returns them in a list format.

Inputs

NameType DescriptionRequired
action stringThe name of the action from among "create", "list", "fit", "predict", "fit_predict", "create_fit_predict" and "delete".Yes

Usage

job = singularity.run(action="list")

2. Create

The create action creates a classifier of the specified quantum_classifier type by using the provided parameters, and saves it in the shared data directory.

Note

The function currently supports only the QuantumEnhancedEnsembleClassifier.

Inputs

NameType DescriptionRequired
action stringThe name of the action from among "create", "list", "fit", "predict", "fit_predict", "create_fit_predict" and "delete".Yes
 name stringThe name of the quantum classifier, e.g., "spam_classifier".Yes
quantum_classifier stringThe type of the quantum classifier, i.e., "QuantumEnhancedEnsembleClassifier". Default is "QuantumEnhancedEnsembleClassifier".No
num_learnersintegerThe number of learners in the ensemble. Default is set to a small value of 10 to facilitate quick training and optimization.No
learners_typeslistTypes of learners. Among supported types are: DecisionTreeClassifier, GaussianNB, KNeighborsClassifier, MLPClassifier, and LogisticRegression. Further details related to each can be found in the scikit-learn documentation. Default is [DecisionTreeClassifier].No
learners_proportions listProportions of each learner type in the ensemble. Default is: [1.0].No
learners_optionslistOptions for each learner type in the ensemble. For a complete list of options corresponding to the chosen learner type/s, consult scikit-learn documentation. Default is [{"max_depth": 3, "splitter": "random", "class_weight": None}].No
regularization float Regularization parameter. Default is 0.01.No
weight_update_methodstring Method for update of sample weights from among "logarithmic" and "quadratic". Default is "logarithmic".No
sample_scalingbooleanWhether sample scaling should be applied. Default is False.No
prediction_scaling float Scaling factor for predictions. Default is None.No
optimizer_options dictionaryQAOA optimizer options. A list of available options is presented later in this documentation. No
votingstringUse majority voting ("hard") or average of probabilities ("soft") for aggregating learners' predictions/probabilities. Default is "hard". No
prob_threshold float Optimal probability threshold. Default is 0.5.No
instancestringIBM instance. Default is None.No
backend_namestringIBM compute resource. Default is None, which means the backend with the fewest pending jobs will be used.No
random_stateintegerControl randomness for repeatability. Default is None.No
  • Additionally, optimizer_options are enlisted as follows:
NameType DescriptionRequired
num_solutions integerThe number of solutions. Default is 1024.No
reps integerThe number of repetitions. Default is 4.No
sparsify floatThe sparsification threshold. Default is 0.001.No
thetafloatThe initial value of theta, a variational parameter of QAOA. Default is None.No
simulatorbooleanWhether to use a simulator or a QPU. Default is False.No
classical_optimizerstring Name of the classical optimizer for the QAOA. Default is "COBYLA". All solvers offered by SciPy, as enlisted here, are usable. You will need to set classical_optimizer_options accordingly. No
classical_optimizer_optionsdictionaryClassical optimizer options. For a complete list of available options, consult SciPy documentation. Default is {"maxiter": 60}.No
optimization_levelintegerThe depth of the QAOA circuit. Default is 3.No
num_transpiler_runsintegerNumber of transpiler runs. Default is 30.No
pass_manager_options dictionaryOptions for generating preset pass manager. Default is {"approximation_degree": 1.0}.No
estimator_options dictionaryEstimator options. For a complete list of available options, consult Qiskit Runtime Client documentation.No
sampler_optionsdictionarySampler options. For a complete list of available options, consult the Qiskit Runtime Client documentation.No
  • Default estimator_options are:
NameType Value
default_shots integer1024
resilience_level integer2
twirlingdictionary{"enable_gates": True}
dynamical_decouplingdictionary {"enable": True}
resilience_optionsdictionary {"zne_mitigation": False, "zne": {"amplifier": "pea", "noise_factors": [1.0, 1.3, 1.6], "extrapolator": ["linear", "polynomial_degree_2", "exponential"],}}
  • Default sampler_options are:
NameType Value
twirlingdictionary{"enable_gates": True}
dynamical_decouplingdictionary {"enable": True}

Usage

job = singularity.run(
    action="create",
    name="classifier_name",
    **classifier_params,
)

Validations

  • name:
    • The name must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • No classifier with the same name should already exist in the shared data directory.

3. Delete

The delete action removes a classifier from the shared data directory.

Inputs

NameType DescriptionRequired
action stringThe name of the action from among "create", "list", "fit", "predict", "fit_predict", "create_fit_predict" and "delete".Yes
name stringThe name of the classifier to delete.Yes

Usage

job = singularity.run(
    action="delete",
    name="classifier_name",
)

Validations

  • name:
    • The name must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • A classifier with the same name should already exist in the shared data directory.

4. Fit

The fit action trains a classifier using the provided training data.

Inputs

NameType DescriptionRequired
action stringThe name of the action from among "create", "list", "fit", "predict", "fit_predict", "create_fit_predict" and "delete".Yes
name stringThe name of the classifier to train.Yes
X array or list or stringThe training data. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
y array or list or stringThe training target values. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
fit_paramsdictionaryAdditional parameters to pass to the fit method of the classifier.No
fit_params
NameType DescriptionRequired
validation tupleThe validation data and labels.No
pos_label integer or stringThe class label to be mapped to 1.No

Usage

job = singularity.run(
    action="fit",
    name="classifier_name",
    X=X_train,  # or "X_train.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    y=y_train,  # or "y_train.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    fit_params=fit_params,
)

Validations

  • name:
    • The name must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • A classifier with the same name should already exist in the shared data directory.

5. Predict

The predict action is used to obtain hard and soft predictions (probabilities).

Inputs

NameType DescriptionRequired
action stringThe name of the action from among "create", "list", "fit", "predict", "fit_predict", "create_fit_predict" and "delete".Yes
name stringThe name of the classifier to be used.Yes
X array or list or stringThe test data. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
options["out"]stringThe output JSON filename to save the predictions in the shared data directory. If not provided, the predictions are returned in the job result.No

Usage

job = singularity.run(
    action="predict",
    name="classifier_name",
    X=X_test,  # or "X_test.npy" if you uploaded it to the shared data directory
    options={
        "out": "output.json",
    },
)

Validations

  • name:
    • The name must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • A classifier with the same name should already exist in the shared data directory.
  • options["out"]:
    • The filename must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • It must have the .json extension.

6. Fit-predict

The fit_predict action trains a classifier using the training data and then uses it to obtain hard and soft predictions (probabilities).

Inputs

NameType DescriptionRequired
action stringThe name of the action from among "create", "list", "fit", "predict", "fit_predict", "create_fit_predict" and "delete".Yes
name stringThe name of the classifier to be used.Yes
X_train array or list or stringThe training data. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
y_train array or list or stringThe training target values. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
X_test array or list or stringThe test data. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
fit_paramsdictionaryAdditional parameters to pass to the fit method of the classifier.No
options["out"]stringThe output JSON filename to save the predictions in the shared data directory. If not provided, the predictions are returned in the job result.No

Usage

job = singularity.run(
    action="fit_predict",
    name="classifier_name",
    X_train=X_train,  # or "X_train.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    y_train=y_train,  # or "y_train.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    X_test=X_test,  # or "X_test.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    fit_params=fit_params,
    options={
        "out": "output.json",
    },
)

Validations

  • name:

    • The name must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • A classifier with the same name should already exist in the shared data directory.
  • options["out"]:

    • The filename must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • It must have the .json extension.

7. Create-fit-predict

The create_fit_predict action creates a classifier, trains it using the provided training data, and then uses it to obtain hard and soft predictions (probabilities).

Inputs

NameType DescriptionRequired
action stringThe name of the action from among "create", "list", "fit", "predict", "fit_predict", "create_fit_predict" and "delete".Yes
name stringThe name of the classifier to be used.Yes
quantum_classifier stringThe type of the classifier, i.e., "QuantumEnhancedEnsembleClassifier". Default is "QuantumEnhancedEnsembleClassifier".No
X_train array or list or stringThe training data. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
y_train array or list or stringThe training target values. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
X_test array or list or stringThe test data. This can be a NumPy array, a list, or a string referencing a filename in the shared data directory.Yes
fit_paramsdictionaryAdditional parameters to pass to the fit method of the classifier.No
options["save"] booleanWhether to save to trained classifier in the shared data directory. Default is True.No
options["out"]stringThe output JSON filename to save the predictions in the shared data directory. If not provided, the predictions are returned in the job result.No

Usage

job = singularity.run(
    action="create_fit_predict",
    name="classifier_name",
    X_train=X_train,  # or "X_train.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    y_train=y_train,  # or "y_train.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    X_test=X_test,  # or "X_test.npy" if you uploaded it in the shared data directory
    fit_params=fit_params,
    options={
        "save": True,
        "out": "output.json",
    },
    **classifier_params,
)

Validations

  • name:

    • If options["save"] is set to True:
      • The name must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
      • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
      • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
      • No classifier with the same name should already exist in the shared data directory.
  • options["out"]:

    • The filename must be unique, a string up to 64 characters long.
    • It can only include alphanumeric characters and underscores.
    • It must start with a letter and cannot end with an underscore.
    • It must have the .json extension.


Get started

Select the Qiskit Function as follows:

from qiskit_serverless import IBMServerlessClient
from qiskit_ibm_catalog import QiskitFunctionsCatalog
 
# authentication
# If you have not previously saved your credentials, follow instructions at
# https://docs.quantum.ibm.com/guides/functions
# to authenticate with your API token.
client = IBMServerlessClient()
catalog = QiskitFunctionsCatalog()
 
# load function
singularity = catalog.load("multiverse/singularity")

Example

In this example, you'll use the "Singularity Machine Learning - Classification" function to classify a dataset consisting of two interleaving, moon-shaped half-circles. The dataset is synthetic, two-dimensional, and labeled with binary labels. It is created to be challenging for algorithms such as centroid-based clustering and linear classification.

Moons dataset

Through this process, you'll learn how to create the classifier, fit it to the training data, use it to predict on the test data, and delete the classifier when you're finished.

Before starting, you need to install scikit-learn. Install it using the following command:

python3 -m pip install scikit-learn

Perform the following steps:

  1. Create the synthetic dataset using the make_moons function from scikit-learn.
  2. Upload the generated synthetic dataset to the shared data directory.
  3. Create the quantum-enhanced classifier using the create action.
  4. Enlist your classifiers using the list action.
  5. Train the classifier on the train data using the fit action.
  6. Use the trained classifier to predict on the test data using the predict action.
  7. Delete the classifier using the delete action.
  8. Clean up after you're done.

Step 1. Import the necessary modules and generate the synthetic dataset, then split it into training and test datasets.

# import the necessary modules for this example
import os
import tarfile
import numpy as np
 
# Import the make_moons and the train_test_split functions from scikit-learn
# to create a synthetic dataset and split it into training and test datasets
from sklearn.datasets import make_moons
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
 
# generate the synthetic dataset
X, y = make_moons(n_samples=10000)
 
# split the data into training and test datasets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)
 
# print the first 10 samples of the training dataset
print("Features:", X_train[:10, :])
print("Targets:", y_train[:10])

Output:

Features: [[ 1.87473986  0.0154072 ]
 [ 0.36087969  0.93261238]
 [ 0.55043235  0.83487977]
 [ 1.68029338 -0.23293991]
 [ 0.99999822  0.00188533]
 [ 1.81988231 -0.07253209]
 [-0.00785547  0.99996915]
 [-0.21419789  0.97679029]
 [ 0.25920056 -0.17172628]
 [ 0.93688334 -0.49800616]]
Targets: [1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1]

Step 2. Save the labeled training and test datasets on your local disk, and then upload them to the shared data directory.

def make_tarfile(file_path, tar_file_name):
    with tarfile.open(tar_file_name, "w") as tar:
        tar.add(file_path, arcname=os.path.basename(file_path))
 
 
# save the training and test datasets on your local disk
np.save("X_train.npy", X_train)
np.save("y_train.npy", y_train)
np.save("X_test.npy", X_test)
np.save("y_test.npy", y_test)
 
# create tar files for the datasets (shared data directory only supports h5 and tar files)
make_tarfile("X_train.npy", "X_train.npy.tar")
make_tarfile("y_train.npy", "y_train.npy.tar")
make_tarfile("X_test.npy", "X_test.npy.tar")
make_tarfile("y_test.npy", "y_test.npy.tar")
 
# upload the datasets to the shared data directory
client.file_upload("X_train.npy.tar")
client.file_upload("y_train.npy.tar")
client.file_upload("X_test.npy.tar")
client.file_upload("y_test.npy.tar")
 
# view/enlist the uploaded files in the shared data directory
print(client.files())

Output:

['X_test.npy.tar', 'X_train.npy.tar', 'y_test.npy.tar', 'y_train.npy.tar']

Step 3. Create a quantum-enhanced classifier using the create action.

job = singularity.run(
    action="create",
    name="classifier_name",
    num_learners=10,
    learners_types=[
        "DecisionTreeClassifier",
        "KNeighborsClassifier",
    ],
    learners_proportions=[0.5, 0.5],
    learners_options=[{}, {}],
    regularization=0.01,
    weight_update_method="logarithmic",
    sample_scaling=True,
    optimizer_options={"simulator": True},
    voting="soft",
    prob_threshold=0.5,
)
 
print(job.result())

Output:

{'status': 'ok', 'message': 'Classifier created.', 'data': {}}
# list available classifiers using the list action
job = singularity.run(action="list")
 
# you can also find your classifiers in the shared data directory with a *.pkl.tar extension
print(client.files())

Output:

['X_test.npy.tar', 'X_train.npy.tar', 'y_test.npy.tar', 'y_train.npy.tar', 'classifier_name.pkl.tar']

Step 4. Train the quantum-enhanced classifier using the fit action.

job = singularity.run(
    action="fit",
    name="classifier_name",
    X="X_train.npy",  # you do not need to specify the tar extension
    y="y_train.npy",  # you do not need to specify the tar extension
)
 
print(job.result())

Output:

{'status': 'ok', 'message': 'Classifier fitted.', 'data': {}}

Step 5. Obtain predictions and probabilities from the quantum-enhanced classifier using the predict action.

job = singularity.run(
    action="predict",
    name="classifier_name",
    X="X_test.npy",  # you do not need to specify the tar extension
)
 
result = job.result()
predictions = result["data"]["predictions"]
probabilities = result["data"]["probabilities"]
 
print(result)
print("Predictions:", predictions)
print("Probabilities:", probabilities)

Output:

{'status': 'ok', 'message': 'Classifier predicted.', 'data': {'predictions': [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 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[0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 0.0]]

Step 6. Delete the quantum-enhanced classifier using the delete action.

job = singularity.run(
    action="delete",
    name="classifier_name",
)
 
# or you can delete from the shared data directory
# client.file_delete("classifier_name.pkl.tar")
 
print(job.result())

Output:

{'status': 'ok', 'message': 'Classifier deleted.', 'data': {}}

Step 7. Clean up local and shared data directories.

# delete the numpy files from your local disk
os.remove("X_train.npy")
os.remove("y_train.npy")
os.remove("X_test.npy")
os.remove("y_test.npy")
 
# delete the tar files from your local disk
os.remove("X_train.npy.tar")
os.remove("y_train.npy.tar")
os.remove("X_test.npy.tar")
os.remove("y_test.npy.tar")
 
# delete the tar files from the shared data
client.file_delete("X_train.npy.tar")
client.file_delete("y_train.npy.tar")
client.file_delete("X_test.npy.tar")
client.file_delete("y_test.npy.tar")


Benchmarks

These benchmarks show that the classifier can achieve extremely high accuracies on challenging problems. They also show that increasing the number of learners in the ensemble (number of qubits) can lead to increased accuracy.

"Classical accuracy" refers to the accuracy obtained using corresponding classical state of the art which, in this case, is an AdaBoost classifier based on an ensemble of size 75. "Quantum accuracy", on the other hand, refers to the accuracy obtained using the "Singularity Machine Learning - Classification".

ProblemDataset SizeEnsemble SizeNumber of QubitsClassical AccuracyQuantum AccuracyImprovement
Grid stability5000 examples, 12 features555576%91%15%
Grid stability5000 examples, 12 features656576%92%16%
Grid stability5000 examples, 12 features757576%94%18%
Grid stability5000 examples, 12 features858576%94%18%
Grid stability5000 examples, 12 features10010076%95%19%

As quantum hardware evolves and scales, the implications for our quantum classifier become increasingly significant. While the number of qubits does impose limitations on the size of the ensemble that can be utilized, it does not restrict the volume of data that can be processed. This powerful capability enables the classifier to efficiently handle datasets containing millions of data points and thousands of features. Importantly, the constraints related to ensemble size can be addressed through the implementation of a large-scale version of the classifier. By leveraging an iterative outer-loop approach, the ensemble can be dynamically expanded, enhancing flexibility and overall performance. However, it's worth noting that this feature has not yet been implemented in the current version of the classifier.


Get support

For any questions, reach out to Multiverse Computing.

Be sure to include the following information:

  • The Qiskit Function Job ID (job.job_id)
  • A detailed description of the issue
  • Any relevant error messages or codes
  • Steps to reproduce the issue

Next steps

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