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QuasiDistribution

class QuasiDistribution(data, shots=None, stddev_upper_bound=None)

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Bases: dict

A dict-like class for representing quasi-probabilities.

Builds a quasiprobability distribution object.

Parameters

  • data (dict) –

    Input quasiprobability data. Where the keys represent a measured classical value and the value is a float for the quasiprobability of that result. The keys can be one of several formats:

    • A hexadecimal string of the form "0x4a"
    • A bit string e.g. '0b1011' or "01011"
    • An integer
  • shots (int) – Number of shots the distribution was derived from.

  • stddev_upper_bound (float) – An upper bound for the standard deviation

Raises

  • TypeError – If the input keys are not a string or int
  • ValueError – If the string format of the keys is incorrect

Methods

binary_probabilities

QuasiDistribution.binary_probabilities(num_bits=None)

Build a quasi-probabilities dictionary with binary string keys

Parameters

num_bits (int) – number of bits in the binary bitstrings (leading zeros will be padded). If None, a default value will be used. If keys are given as integers or strings with binary or hex prefix, the default value will be derived from the largest key present. If keys are given as bitstrings without prefix, the default value will be derived from the largest key length.

Returns

A dictionary where the keys are binary strings in the format

"0110"

Return type

dict

clear

QuasiDistribution.clear() → None.  Remove all items from D.

copy

QuasiDistribution.copy() → a shallow copy of D

fromkeys

QuasiDistribution.fromkeys(value=None, /)

Create a new dictionary with keys from iterable and values set to value.

get

QuasiDistribution.get(key, default=None, /)

Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.

hex_probabilities

QuasiDistribution.hex_probabilities()

Build a quasi-probabilities dictionary with hexadecimal string keys

Returns

A dictionary where the keys are hexadecimal strings in the

format "0x1a"

Return type

dict

items

QuasiDistribution.items() → a set-like object providing a view on D's items

keys

QuasiDistribution.keys() → a set-like object providing a view on D's keys

nearest_probability_distribution

QuasiDistribution.nearest_probability_distribution(return_distance=False)

Takes a quasiprobability distribution and maps it to the closest probability distribution as defined by the L2-norm.

Parameters

return_distance (bool) – Return the L2 distance between distributions.

Returns

Nearest probability distribution. float: Euclidean (L2) distance of distributions.

Return type

ProbDistribution

Notes

Method from Smolin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 070502 (2012).

pop

QuasiDistribution.pop(k[, d]) → v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.

If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised

popitem

QuasiDistribution.popitem()

Remove and return a (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple.

Pairs are returned in LIFO (last-in, first-out) order. Raises KeyError if the dict is empty.

setdefault

QuasiDistribution.setdefault(key, default=None, /)

Insert key with a value of default if key is not in the dictionary.

Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.

update

QuasiDistribution.update([E, ]**F) → None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.

If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]

values

QuasiDistribution.values() → an object providing a view on D's values


Attributes

stddev_upper_bound

Return an upper bound on standard deviation of expval estimator.

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