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CSwapGate

class CSwapGate(label=None, ctrl_state=None)

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Bases: qiskit.circuit.controlledgate.ControlledGate

Controlled-SWAP gate, also known as the Fredkin gate.

Can be applied to a QuantumCircuit with the cswap() and fredkin() methods.

Circuit symbol:

q_0: ─■─
      │
q_1: ─X─
      │
q_2: ─X─

Matrix representation:

CSWAP q0,q1,q2=I⊗I⊗∣0⟩⟨0∣+SWAP⊗∣1⟩⟨1∣=(1000000001000000001000000000010000001000000100000000001000000001)\begin{split}CSWAP\ q_0, q_1, q_2 = I \otimes I \otimes |0 \rangle \langle 0| + SWAP \otimes |1 \rangle \langle 1| = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix}\end{split}
Note

In Qiskit’s convention, higher qubit indices are more significant (little endian convention). In many textbooks, controlled gates are presented with the assumption of more significant qubits as control, which in our case would be q_2. Thus a textbook matrix for this gate will be:

q_0: ─X─
      │
q_1: ─X─
      │
q_2: ─■─
CSWAP q2,q1,q0=∣0⟩⟨0∣⊗I⊗I+∣1⟩⟨1∣⊗SWAP=(1000000001000000001000000001000000001000000000100000010000000001)\begin{split}CSWAP\ q_2, q_1, q_0 = |0 \rangle \langle 0| \otimes I \otimes I + |1 \rangle \langle 1| \otimes SWAP = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{pmatrix}\end{split}

In the computational basis, this gate swaps the states of the two target qubits if the control qubit is in the ∣1⟩|1\rangle state.

∣0,b,c⟩→∣0,b,c⟩∣1,b,c⟩→∣1,c,b⟩|0, b, c\rangle \rightarrow |0, b, c\rangle |1, b, c\rangle \rightarrow |1, c, b\rangle

Create new CSWAP gate.

Methods Defined Here

inverse

CSwapGate.inverse()

Return inverse CSwap gate (itself).

Attributes

condition_bits

Get Clbits in condition.

Return type

List[Clbit]

ctrl_state

Return the control state of the gate as a decimal integer.

Return type

int

decompositions

Get the decompositions of the instruction from the SessionEquivalenceLibrary.

definition

Return definition in terms of other basic gates. If the gate has open controls, as determined from self.ctrl_state, the returned definition is conjugated with X without changing the internal _definition.

Return type

List

duration

Get the duration.

label

Return instruction label

Return type

str

name

Get name of gate. If the gate has open controls the gate name will become:

<original_name_o<ctrl_state>

where <original_name> is the gate name for the default case of closed control qubits and <ctrl_state> is the integer value of the control state for the gate.

Return type

str

num_clbits

Return the number of clbits.

num_ctrl_qubits

Get number of control qubits.

Returns

The number of control qubits for the gate.

Return type

int

num_qubits

Return the number of qubits.

params

Get parameters from base_gate.

Returns

List of gate parameters.

Return type

list

Raises

CircuitError – Controlled gate does not define a base gate

unit

Get the time unit of duration.

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