qiskit.aqua.operators.legacy.WeightedPauliOperator

__init__(paulis, basis=None, z2_symmetries=None, atol=1e-12, name=None)

Parameters

• paulis (List[List[Union[complex, Pauli]]]) – the list of weighted Paulis, where a weighted pauli is composed of a length-2 list and the first item is the weight and the second item is the Pauli object.
• basis (Optional[List[Tuple[object, List[int]]]]) – the grouping basis, each element is a tuple composed of the basis and the indices to paulis which belong to that group. e.g., if tpb basis is used, the object will be a pauli. By default, the group is equal to non-grouping, each pauli is its own basis.
• z2_symmetries (Optional[Z2Symmetries]) – recording the z2 symmetries info
• atol (float) – the threshold used in truncating paulis
• name (Optional[str]) – the name of operator.

add(other, copy=False)

Perform self + other.

Parameters

• other (WeightedPauliOperator) – to-be-combined operator
• copy (bool) – working on a copy or self, if False, the results are written back to self.

Returns

operator

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

anticommute_with(other)

Anti commutes with

get atol

returns basis

chop(threshold=None, copy=False)

Eliminate the real and imagine part of weight in each pauli by threshold. If pauli’s weight is less then threshold in both real and imaginary parts, the pauli is removed.

Parameters

• threshold (float) – the threshold is used to remove the paulis
• copy (bool) – chop on a copy or self

Returns

if copy is True, the original operator is unchanged; otherwise,

the operator is mutated.

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

commute_with(other)

Commutes with

construct_evaluation_circuit(wave_function, statevector_mode, qr=None, cr=None, use_simulator_snapshot_mode=False, circuit_name_prefix='')

Construct the circuits for evaluation, which calculating the expectation <psi|H|psi>.

At statevector mode: to simplify the computation, we do not build the whole circuit for <psi|H|psi>, instead of that we construct an individual circuit <psi|, and a bundle circuit for H|psi>

Parameters

• wave_function (QuantumCircuit) – the quantum circuit.
• statevector_mode (bool) – indicate which type of simulator are going to use.
• qr (QuantumRegister, optional) – the quantum register associated with the input_circuit
• cr (ClassicalRegister, optional) – the classical register associated with the input_circuit
• use_simulator_snapshot_mode (bool, optional) – if aer_provider is used, we can do faster evaluation for pauli mode on statevector simulation
• circuit_name_prefix (str, optional) – a prefix of circuit name

Returns

a list of quantum circuits and each circuit with a unique name:

circuit_name_prefix + Pauli string

Return type

list[QuantumCircuit]

Raises

• AquaError – if Operator is empty
• AquaError – if quantum register is not provided explicitly and cannot find quantum register with q as the name
• AquaError – The provided qr is not in the wave_function

copy()

Get a copy of self

evaluate_with_result(result, statevector_mode, use_simulator_snapshot_mode=False, circuit_name_prefix='')

This method can be only used with the circuits generated by the construct_evaluation_circuit() method with the same circuit_name_prefix name since the circuit names are tied to some meanings.

Calculate the evaluated value with the measurement results.

Parameters

• result (qiskit.Result) – the result from the backend.
• statevector_mode (bool) – indicate which type of simulator are used.
• use_simulator_snapshot_mode (bool) – if aer_provider is used, we can do faster evaluation for pauli mode on statevector simulation
• circuit_name_prefix (str) – a prefix of circuit name

Returns

the mean value float: the standard deviation

Return type

float

Raises

AquaError – if Operator is empty

evaluate_with_statevector(quantum_state)

Parameters

quantum_state (numpy.ndarray) – a quantum state.

Returns

the mean value float: the standard deviation

Return type

float

Raises

AquaError – if Operator is empty

evaluation_instruction(statevector_mode, use_simulator_snapshot_mode=False)

Parameters

• statevector_mode (bool) – will it be run on statevector simulator or not
• use_simulator_snapshot_mode (bool) – will it use qiskit aer simulator operator mode

Returns

Pauli-instruction pair.

Return type

dict

Raises

• AquaError – if Operator is empty
• MissingOptionalLibraryError – qiskit-aer not installed

evolve(state_in=None, evo_time=0, num_time_slices=1, quantum_registers=None, expansion_mode='trotter', expansion_order=1)

Carry out the eoh evolution for the operator under supplied specifications.

Parameters

• state_in (QuantumCircuit) – a circuit describes the input state
• evo_time (Union(complex, float, Parameter, ParameterExpression)) – The evolution time
• num_time_slices (int) – The number of time slices for the expansion
• quantum_registers (QuantumRegister) – The QuantumRegister to build the QuantumCircuit off of
• expansion_mode (str) – The mode under which the expansion is to be done. Currently support ‘trotter’, which follows the expansion as discussed in https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.273.5278.1073, and ‘suzuki’, which corresponds to the discussion in https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0508139.pdf
• expansion_order (int) – The order for suzuki expansion

Returns

The constructed circuit.

Return type

QuantumCircuit

Raises

• AquaError – quantum_registers must be in the provided state_in circuit
• AquaError – if operator is empty

evolve_instruction(evo_time=0, num_time_slices=1, expansion_mode='trotter', expansion_order=1)

Carry out the eoh evolution for the operator under supplied specifications.

Parameters

• evo_time (Union(complex, float, Parameter, ParameterExpression)) – The evolution time
• num_time_slices (int) – The number of time slices for the expansion
• expansion_mode (str) – The mode under which the expansion is to be done. Currently support ‘trotter’, which follows the expansion as discussed in https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.273.5278.1073, and ‘suzuki’, which corresponds to the discussion in https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0508139.pdf
• expansion_order (int) – The order for suzuki expansion

Returns

The constructed QuantumCircuit.

Return type

QuantumCircuit

Raises

• ValueError – Number of time slices should be a non-negative integer
• NotImplementedError – expansion mode not supported
• AquaError – if operator is empty

classmethod from_dict(dictionary, before_04=False)

Load paulis from a dictionary to construct an Operator. The dictionary must comprise the key ‘paulis’ having a value which is an array of pauli dicts. Each dict in this array must be represented by label and coeff (real and imag) such as in the following example:

{'paulis':
    [
        {'label': 'IIII',
         'coeff': {'real': -0.33562957575267038, 'imag': 0.0}},
        {'label': 'ZIII',
         'coeff': {'real': 0.28220597164664896, 'imag': 0.0}},
         ...
    ]
 }

Parameters

• dictionary (dict) – dictionary, which contains a list of Paulis and coefficients.
• before_04 (bool) – support the format before Aqua 0.4.

Returns

the operator created from the input dictionary.

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

Raises

AquaError – Invalid dictionary

classmethod from_file(file_name, before_04=False)

Load paulis in a file to construct an Operator.

Parameters

• file_name (str) – path to the file, which contains a list of Paulis and coefficients.
• before_04 (bool) – support the format before Aqua 0.4.

Returns

the loaded operator.

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

classmethod from_list(paulis, weights=None, name=None)

Create a WeightedPauliOperator via a pair of list.

Parameters

• paulis (list[Pauli]) – the list of Paulis
• weights (list[complex], optional) – the list of weights, if it is None, all weights are 1.
• name (str, optional) – name of the operator.

Returns

operator

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

Raises

ValueError – The length of weights and paulis must be the same

is_empty()

Check Operator is empty or not.

Returns

True if empty, False otherwise

Return type

bool

multiply(other)

Perform self * other, and the phases are tracked.

Parameters

other (WeightedPauliOperator) – an operator

Returns

the multiplied operator

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

returns name

Number of qubits required for the operator.

Returns

number of qubits

Return type

int

get paulis

print_details()

Print out the operator in details.

Returns

a formatted string describes the operator.

Return type

str

reorder_paulis()

Reorder the paulis based on the basis and return the reordered paulis.

Return type

List[List[Union[complex, Pauli]]]

Returns

the ordered paulis based on the basis.

rounding(decimals, copy=False)

Rounding the weight.

Parameters

• decimals (int) – rounding the weight to the decimals.
• copy (bool) – chop on a copy or self

Returns

operator

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

simplify(copy=False)

Merge the paulis whose bases are identical and the pauli with zero coefficient would be removed.

Parameters

copy (bool) – simplify on a copy or self

Returns

the simplified operator

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

sub(other, copy=False)

Perform self - other.

Parameters

• other (WeightedPauliOperator) – to-be-combined operator
• copy (bool) – working on a copy or self, if False, the results are written back to self.

Returns

operator

Return type

WeightedPauliOperator

to_dict()

Save operator to a dict in pauli representation.

Returns

a dictionary contains an operator with pauli representation.

Return type

dict

to_file(file_name)

Save operator to a file in pauli representation.

Parameters

file_name (str) – path to the file

to_opflow(reverse_endianness=False)

to op flow

returns z2 symmetries